Hatchet Buying Guide: Key Features to Consider

Head Weight and Shape

The head of a hatchet is its business end, and its characteristics significantly impact the tool’s performance.

Head Weight

The weight of the hatchet head determines its chopping power and ease of use. Heavier heads offer more power but can be tiring to use for extended periods.

• Light heads (1-1.25 lbs): Ideal for detailed work and processing smaller pieces of wood. They’re easier to control and less fatiguing during extended use, making them suitable for tasks like carving or preparing kindling.
• Medium heads (1.25-1.75 lbs): These offer a balance between power and control. They’re versatile enough for most backpacking tasks, from chopping small trees to splitting moderately sized logs.
• Heavy heads (1.75-2.25 lbs): Best for heavy-duty chopping and splitting larger logs. While they provide more power, they can be tiring to use for extended periods and add significant weight to your pack.

Head Shape

The shape of the hatchet head affects its cutting performance and versatility. Different shapes excel at various tasks, from felling to splitting.

• Thin blade: A thinner profile excels at slicing through wood fibers, making it ideal for felling small trees or limbing branches. It requires less force to make cuts but may struggle with splitting tasks.
• Wide blade: A wider blade profile is better suited for splitting wood. The increased surface area helps to separate wood fibers, making it easier to process firewood.
• Beard: Some hatchets feature a “beard” or extended lower portion of the blade. This design allows for a longer cutting edge without increasing the overall weight of the head, and can provide more control for detailed work.

Handle Length and Material

The handle of a hatchet plays a critical role in its overall performance, affecting everything from power and control to fatigue and portability. When selecting a hatchet for camping or backpacking, understanding how different handle lengths and materials impact your experience can help you choose the best tool for the job.

Handle Length

The length of a hatchet’s handle directly influences its leverage, power, and ease of use. While longer handles offer more power and reach, they can be cumbersome to carry. Shorter handles, on the other hand, provide better control and portability but may sacrifice some chopping force. Your choice should balance between the types of tasks you’ll perform and how much weight you’re willing to carry.

• Short Handles (12-16 inches): These are ideal for precision tasks that require greater control, such as carving or shaping wood. Their compact size also makes them highly packable, fitting easily into most backpacks without taking up too much space. However, the shorter length may limit chopping power, making them less efficient for processing larger logs or felling small trees. For backpackers prioritizing portability and light woodwork, short-handled hatchets are a solid choice.

• Medium Handles (16-20 inches): A mid-length handle offers a balance between control and power, making it versatile for most outdoor tasks. Whether you’re processing firewood for a campfire or clearing small branches, a medium handle provides the necessary leverage without becoming too unwieldy to pack. This length is the most versatile for both camping and backpacking, allowing you to handle a wide range of tasks without compromising too much on portability.

• Long Handles (20-24 inches): Longer handles deliver the most power and are great for heavy-duty chopping, felling small trees, and splitting larger logs. They provide more leverage, making each swing more efficient. However, this added power comes at the cost of portability. Longer-handled hatchets are best suited for basecamp situations or trips where wood processing is a primary activity, rather than for lightweight backpacking.

Handle Material

The material of the handle significantly affects the durability, comfort, and shock absorption of the hatchet. Different materials have unique advantages and drawbacks, which should be considered based on your priorities, such as weight, durability, and maintenance needs.

• Wood (Hickory): A classic choice for hatchet handles, hickory wood is known for its excellent shock absorption, reducing the impact of repeated swings. This makes wooden handles particularly comfortable for extended use. However, wooden handles require regular maintenance to prevent drying, cracking, or splitting, especially in wet conditions. They are also replaceable in the field if damaged, making them a good choice for traditionalists and bushcraft enthusiasts who value self-sufficiency.

• Fiberglass: Fiberglass handles are durable, weather-resistant, and low-maintenance, making them ideal for backpackers who don’t want to worry about handle upkeep. While they may transmit more vibration than wooden handles, they are less likely to break under stress and offer reliable performance in a variety of conditions. Fiberglass handles are a great choice for those looking for a durable, no-fuss option that requires little maintenance.

• Metal (Full-Tang): Metal handles, typically found in full-tang designs, are virtually indestructible and offer maximum durability. While they can handle extreme use, metal handles tend to transmit more shock during each swing, which may lead to discomfort over long periods of use. Additionally, they can become cold to the touch in colder climates. For campers and backpackers seeking a nearly indestructible tool, metal-handled hatchets are a rugged, long-lasting option.

• Composite: Composite handles, often made from high-tech materials, offer a modern blend of durability, comfort, and ergonomic design. Many feature non-slip grips and are engineered to absorb vibration, reducing fatigue during extended use. They are also low-maintenance and highly weather-resistant, making them an excellent choice for those seeking both performance and comfort in challenging environments.

Overall Length and Weight

For backpackers, the total package of the hatchet is a critical consideration, balancing functionality with portability.

Overall Length

The overall length of the hatchet affects its versatility and how easily it can be packed. Longer hatchets offer more power but take up more space in your pack.

• Compact (10-14 inches): Highly portable and easy to pack, but limited in chopping power. These are best for lightweight backpacking where every ounce counts.
• Mid-size (14-18 inches): Offers a good balance for most backpackers. They provide decent versatility without excessive bulk or weight.
• Full-size (18-22 inches): More versatile for various tasks but heavier to carry. These are better suited for basecamp scenarios or when wood processing is a primary activity.

Total Weight

The total weight of the hatchet impacts both its functionality and how much it will burden your pack. Heavier hatchets offer more capabilities but can be tiring to carry and use.

• Lightweight (1-1.5 lbs): Ideal for ultralight backpacking or when a hatchet is a “just in case” item. They’re limited in power but won’t weigh you down.
• Medium weight (1.5-2.5 lbs): A good compromise for most backpackers. These hatchets offer enough heft for most tasks without being burdensome.
• Heavy (2.5-3.5 lbs): Provides the most power and versatility but at the cost of increased pack weight. Consider these only if wood processing is a major part of your trip.

Blade Material and Edge

The performance, durability, and maintenance of a hatchet are greatly influenced by the quality of its blade. The material used for the blade determines its edge retention, resistance to wear, and how easy it is to maintain in the field. Understanding the differences between blade materials and edge designs will help you choose the right hatchet for your specific needs and conditions.

Blade Material

The type of steel used in a hatchet blade affects how well it holds an edge, how often it needs sharpening, and how it stands up to harsh conditions. Here’s an overview of the most common blade materials:

• High-Carbon Steel: Known for its ability to hold a sharp edge, high-carbon steel is a favorite among outdoor enthusiasts who need reliable cutting performance. It’s also relatively easy to sharpen, making it convenient for field maintenance. However, high-carbon steel is prone to rust if not properly cared for. Regular oiling is necessary to prevent corrosion, but the excellent cutting ability makes it worth the extra care. High-carbon steel is ideal for users who prioritize edge sharpness and don’t mind a bit of maintenance.

• Stainless Steel: Resistant to corrosion, stainless steel blades are more forgiving in wet or humid environments, making them a good choice for users who don’t want to worry about rust. However, stainless steel doesn’t hold an edge as well as high-carbon steel, meaning you may need to sharpen it more frequently. It’s a great option for those camping in damp conditions or for users who want low-maintenance durability, especially if you’re prioritizing ease of care over ultra-sharp edge retention.

• Alloy Steels: Alloy steels are engineered to balance edge retention, toughness, and corrosion resistance. These premium materials can offer the best of both worlds, with high durability and solid edge-holding capabilities. Advanced alloy steels are often used in high-end hatchets, providing long-lasting performance in a range of conditions, although they can come at a higher price. If you’re seeking optimal performance with less frequent sharpening, alloy steels are worth considering.

Edge Design

In addition to the blade material, the edge design or “grind” of the blade plays a key role in its cutting performance and how easy it is to maintain. Different edge designs excel in specific tasks:

• Convex Grind: A convex edge is curved outward and combines durability with excellent cutting performance. This grind is ideal for splitting wood because it is less likely to get stuck in the material and distributes force efficiently. It’s also durable, making it less prone to chipping, even with repeated heavy use. For most general outdoor tasks, the convex grind offers a reliable balance of strength and cutting ability.

• Scandi Grind: The Scandi grind provides a single bevel that creates a sharp, thin edge, making it perfect for detailed tasks like carving and shaving wood. While it produces a very sharp edge, it may not be as durable for heavy chopping tasks. This grind is ideal for bushcraft enthusiasts who need a hatchet that excels in precision work but can also handle some light chopping.

• Flat Grind: The flat grind is a versatile edge design that strikes a balance between sharpness and durability. It’s suitable for general-purpose cutting and chopping, making it a good all-around option for campers who need their hatchet to perform well in a variety of situations. Additionally, flat grinds are easy to sharpen in the field, providing a good mix of performance and convenience.

Why Blade Material and Edge Matter

When choosing a hatchet, it’s important to consider both the material and the edge design together, as they work in tandem to deliver the performance you need. High-carbon steel with a convex grind might be the best choice for heavy-duty chopping and wood splitting, while a stainless steel blade with a Scandi grind is perfect for lighter, precision work in wet conditions. Ultimately, your environment and the types of tasks you plan to tackle should guide your decision.

Ergonomics and Grip

Comfort and control are essential for safe and effective use of a hatchet, especially during extended periods.

Handle Ergonomics

The shape and design of the handle affect comfort, control, and safety during use. Good ergonomics reduce fatigue and improve accuracy.

• Shaped grip: Contoured handles that fit the natural curve of the hand reduce fatigue and improve control.
• Palm swell: A slight bulge near the end of the handle helps prevent slipping and provides a secure grip.
• Texture: Checkering, grooves, or textured materials on the handle enhance grip security, especially in wet conditions.

Safety Features

Additional design elements can improve the safety and security of the hatchet during use. These features help prevent accidents and improve overall control.

• Lanyard hole: Allows for a wrist strap, providing additional security during use.
• Flared base: Prevents the hand from slipping off the end of the handle during swinging motions.
• Finger grooves: Can improve grip and hand placement consistency.

Versatility

A backpacking hatchet often needs to perform various tasks, from wood processing to campsite chores.

Multi-functional Design

Some hatchets incorporate additional features that increase their utility beyond just chopping. These features can reduce the number of tools you need to carry.

• Hammer poll: A flat back of the head allows for hammering tasks, like driving tent stakes.
• Nail puller: Some hatchets incorporate a nail-pulling notch, adding utility for gear repairs or improvised construction.
• Integrated tools: Premium models might include additional features like a saw blade in the handle or a ferro rod for fire starting.

Adaptability

Features that allow the hatchet to be customized or used in different ways can increase its versatility. This adaptability can be particularly useful for backpackers facing varied conditions.

• Removable sheath: A good sheath protects the blade and user during transport. Some designs allow the sheath to serve as a handle extension for increased leverage.
• Modular systems: Some modern hatchets offer interchangeable heads or handles, allowing you to customize the tool for different trips or tasks.

By carefully considering these detailed aspects of hatchet design, you’ll be well-equipped to choose the best tool for your backpacking adventures. In the following section, we’ll review some of the top hatchets on the market for 2024, helping you make an informed decision based on your specific needs and preferences.